| Reign | 18 May 1804 – 11 April 1814 (9 years, 328 days) 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 (94 days) |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 2 December 1804 |
| Predecessor | None (himself as First Consul of the French First Republic; previous ruling monarch was Louis XVI) |
| Successor | Louis XVIII (de jure in 1814) |
| | |
| Reign | 17 March 1805 – 11 April 1814 |
| Coronation | 26 May 1805 |
| Predecessor | None (himself as President of the Italian Republic; previous ruling monarch was Emperor Charles V) |
| Successor | None (kingdom disbanded, next king of Italy was Victor Emmanuel II) |
| Spouse | Joséphine de Beauharnais Marie Louise of Austria |
| Issue | |
| Napoleon II | |
| Full name | |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | |
| House | House of Bonaparte |
| Father | Carlo Buonaparte |
| Mother | Letizia Ramolino |
| Born | 15 August 1769 Ajaccio, Corsica |
| Died | 5 May 1821 (aged 51) Longwood, Saint Helena, British Empire |
| Burial | Les Invalides, Paris |
| Signature |  |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism (see Napoleon and religions) |
EARLY CAREER:
Upon graduating in September 1785, Bonaparte was commissioned a second lieutenant in La Fère artillery regiment.[15][note 4] He served on garrison duty in Valence, Drôme and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, though he took nearly two years' leave in Corsica and Paris during this period. A fervent Corsican nationalist, Bonaparte wrote to the Corsican leader Pasquale Paoli in May 1789: "As the nation was perishing I was born. Thirty thousand Frenchmen were vomited on to our shores, drowning the throne of liberty in waves of blood. Such was the odious sight which was the first to strike me."[25]
He spent the early years of the Revolution in Corsica, fighting in a complex three-way struggle between royalists, revolutionaries, and Corsican nationalists. He supported the revolutionary Jacobin faction, gained the rank of lieutenant colonel and command over a battalion of volunteers. After he had exceeded his leave of absence and led a riot against a French army in Corsica, he was somehow able to convince military authorities in Paris to promote him to captain in July 1792.[26]
He returned to Corsica once again and came into conflict with Paoli, who had decided to split with France and sabotage a French assault on the Sardinian island of La Maddalena, where Bonaparte was one of the expedition leaders.[27] Bonaparte and his family had to flee to the French mainland in June 1793 because of the split with Paoli.[28]
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